| Around 6th Century BCE | Siddhartha Gautama (Shakyamuni) is born in Lumbini, which becomes known as a sacred site of Buddhism. |
| Around 3rd Century BCE | Emperor Ashoka (India) promotes Buddhism and erects a stone pillar in Lumbini. |
| Around 4th–12th Centuries | The Licchavi Dynasty is established. Hinduism and Buddhism coexist, forming the basis of Kathmandu culture. |
| 13th Century | The Malla Dynasty dominates the Kathmandu Valley. Urban culture and arts flourish, marking a golden age. |
| 14th–17th Centuries | The three kingdoms of Kathmandu, Patan, and Bhaktapur coexist. Newar culture, including temples and sculptures, matures. |
| 1743 | Prithvi Narayan Shah, King of Gorkha, is crowned. Begins the unification of Nepal. |
| 1769 | Conquers Kathmandu and unifies Nepal. The Shah Dynasty (monarchical Kingdom of Nepal) is established. |
| 1814–1816 | Anglo-Nepalese War. Nepal is defeated and cedes some territory to the British under the Sugauli Treaty. Independence is maintained. |
| 1846 | The "Kot Massacre" occurs. Jung Bahadur Rana seizes power. The hereditary dictatorship of the Rana family begins. |
| 1850s–1940s | The Rana regime continues. Modernization is introduced, but political freedom is suppressed. |
| 1950 | Anti-Rana movement intensifies. King Tribhuvan flees to India and aligns with democratic forces. |
| 1951 | Rana regime collapses. The King returns. A constitutional monarchy and interim government are established, marking the starting point of modern Nepal. |
| 1960 | King Mahendra dissolves the parliament and introduces the Panchayat System (King-led regime). |
| 1972 | King Birendra ascends to the throne. Maintains moderate rule, but demands for democracy increase. |
| 1990 | The "People's Movement (Jana Andolan)" causes the collapse of the Panchayat System. Multi-party democracy is restored. |
| 1996 | The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) begins an armed struggle. The Civil War (People's War) commences. |
| 2001 | Royal family massacre occurs. Most of the royal family is killed, and King Gyanendra is crowned. |
| 2006 | Second People's Movement reduces the King's authority. A peace agreement with the Maoists is reached. |
| 2007 | Interim constitution is enacted. The abolition of the monarchy is decided, and the transition to a republic begins. |
| 2008 | The monarchy is officially abolished, and the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal is established. |
| 2015 | New Constitution promulgated. Adopts a federal system, marking a fresh start as a multi-ethnic nation. |
| Present (21st Century) | Seeking to consolidate democracy and achieve economic development. Tourism, hydropower, and agriculture are the main industries. |